Morphometric Features of Periodontal Phenotype and Anthropometric Parameters of the Maxillary Central Incisor in Patients with Generalized Periodontitis and Various Blood Types

Abstract

Abstract Objective of the research was to identify dominant morphometric features of periodontal phenotype and anthropometric parameters of the maxillary central incisor in patients with generalized periodontitis and various blood types. 570 patients aged 20–55 years with established diagnosis of generalized periodontitis of the initial, I, II and III stages were examined. Determination of blood groups according to the AB0 system was performed using gel technology on the immunohematological analyzer. Study sample distribution considering different blood types demonstrated the following pattern: 0 (I) – 32.28%, A (II) – 29.65%, B (III) – 21.05%, AB (IV) blood group – 17.02%. Provided analysis revealed that cluster A1-ThinS (thin scalloped gingival phenotype with a thin tooth shape) was present in 39.30% patients (224 persons), cluster A2-TS (thick scalloped gingival phenotype with a thin tooth shape (or medium)) was detected in 28.77% patients (164 persons), and cluster B-TF (thick flat gingival phenotype with a square tooth shape) – in 31.93 % patients (182 persons). Carriers of 0 (I) and A (II) blood types with generalized periodontitis demonstrated morphological predisposition to the occurrence and intensification of dystrophic-inflammatory alterations within the periodontium due to the higher prevalence of periodontal A1-ThinS and A2-TS clusters among them. Carriers of B (III) and AB (IV) blood types, among which the thick phenotype of periodontium was prevailed, characterized with greater prevalence of the mild generalized periodontitis, and lesser prevalence of II and III stages of periodontitis. No statistically significant difference in the length of the maxillary central incisor crown was found considering potential impact of blood type and periodontal cluster affiliation of the subjects (p > 0.05). It was noteworthy that the maxillary central incisor crown width/crown length ratio in patients with generalized periodontitis belonging to the B-TF cluster was significantly higher than in those with the A1-ThinS cluster, and did not depend on the blood group.