Развитие инновационного процесса в Украине в контексте формирования экономики знаний

Abstract

В статье представлены теоретико-методологические подходы к формированию экономики знаний. Освещены проблемы развития научного потенциала в Украине. Выявлены недостатки государственной инновационной политики. Проанализировано влияние финансирования государства на развитие науки. Предложено создание инновационных кластеров, благодаря которым значительно ускорится инновационный процесс и повысится эффективность экономической деятельности. Анализируется инновационный кластерный подход, обеспечивающий комплексное развитие территории и отрасли, доступ к передовой информации по внедрению новой техники и инновационных технологий. Изучен зарубежный опыт создания инновационных кластеров и их особенности в различных странах. Рассмотрены практические принципы формирования кластеров, которым могут способствовать все заинтересованные деловые люди, в том числе органы власти, университеты, центры стандартизации, торговые ассоциации. Все они могут обеспечить создание специализированного переобучения, информацию, проведение исследований и техническую поддержку. Определены основные направления совершенствования инновационной модели в Украине, способствующие формированию экономики знаний.

The article presents theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of a knowledge economy. The problems of developing scientific potential in Ukraine are highlighted. The shortcomings of the state innovation policy, which led to the negative structural changes in the economy and the dominance of low-tech structures, are revealed. The reasons that impede the development of the innovation model are identified: insufficient financial resources to ensure scientific development and implementation of innovative developments; imperfection of the regulatory system of regulation and stimulation of innovation. The influence of financing public funds on the development of science is analyzed. Science must function fully, that is, carry out all its functions: sociocultural, cognitive and economic. The creation of innovative clusters is proposed, with their help the innovation process will be significantly accelerated and economic activity will increase. The relationship between innovations and the formation of competitive clusters, their features in comparison with cartels and industrial and financial groups are clarified. Thanks to these conditions, it will be possible to introduce new technologies, eliminate bureaucratic restrictions on the part of senior management bodies and stimulate the development and implementation of innovations. As a rule, the center of the cluster is several large powerful companies, among which there is competition. The article considers an innovative cluster approach that provides integrated development of the territory and the industry, access to advanced information on the introduction of new equipment and innovative technologies. The foreign experience of creating innovative clusters and their features in various countries was studied. Practical principles of cluster formation are considered, which can be promoted by all interested business people, including government bodies, universities, standardization centers, trade associations. All of them can provide the creation of specialized retraining, access to information, research and technical support. New approaches to the socioeconomic development of the regions of the country have been developed, which will be able to combine existing resources and allow them to concentrate in the most promising areas of the Ukrainian economy. The main directions of improving the innovation model in Ukraine are identified, contributing to the formation of a knowledge economy.