Розвиток рекреаційно-туристичної діяльності в умовах змін клімату в південному регіоні України

Abstract

Погодно-кліматичні умови є одним із важливих чинників впливу на стан природно-рекреаційних ресурсів, які, своєю чергою, зумовлюють можливості і перспективи рекреаційно-туристичної діяльності. У статті розглянуто кліматичну характеристику Причорноморської зони Херсонської області з погляду організації рекреаційно-туристичної діяльності. Сформовано базу даних потенційних та наявних туристично-рекреаційних ресурсів. Визначено збільшення середньобагаторічної температури за п’ятимісячним періодом «травень – червень – липень – серпень – вересень», що є у цілому позитивним чинником розвитку індустрії туризму Причорноморської зони Херсонської області. Регіональні зміни клімату розширили період «комфортних» для людини кліматичних показників, які впливають на відновлення працездатності та нормалізації стану організму людини.

Weather and climatic conditions are one of the important factors of influence on the state of natural and recreational resources, that, in their turn, determine the opportunities and the perspectives of recreational and tourist activities. The article is examined the climatic characteristics of the Black Sea zone of Kherson region from the point of view of organization of recreational and tourist activities. A database of potential and available tourist and recreational resources has been formed. The research identified an increase in the average annual temperature for the five-month period, "May-June-July- August-September", which is in general a positive factor of the development of the tourism industry of the Black Sea zone of Kherson region. Regional climate changes have expanded the period of "comfortable" for human being climatic indicators that influence on the restoration of ability to work and on the normalization of a human being. Climate is one of the leading resources that are reasoned the spatial organization of recreation. To evaluate it, the degree of favorable influence of different climatic indicators on a person and its health is revealed. The greatest impact of climate is manifested through the human’s reaction on the weather or on the whole complex of geophysical and meteorological elements (light, duration of day, increase of total solar and ultraviolet radiation, air transparency, temperature and humidity of air, wind speed, cloudiness, etc.). In the process of climate change in the direction of warming on the territory of Ukraine, it will be probably a transformation of natural and landscape complexes, their species composition, productivity and stability, which will inevitably affect on the existing forms of recreational and tourist activity. Changes in weather and climatic conditions can significantly influence on the sustainable development of recreational and tourist activities in Ukraine and its separate regions: shifting the boundaries of natural and climatic zones, change the structure of recreational and tourist activities; redistribution of recreational and tourist flows; change of the state of objects of recreational and tourist activity and duration of their use; change of bioclimatic conditions and comfort for holiday-makers. The richness and the uniqueness of natural and recreational resources in Kherson region creates preconditions for the development of the resort economy, and at the expense of it and the economy of the region through their efficient use, gives reasons to hope that on the territory of Kherson region, recreation will later grow into a powerful industry of recreation, physical and spiritual renovation, deep national self-awareness, environmental education and upbringing of holiday-makers, that’s why the recreation sphere must be recognized in the region as one of the most priorities ones.