Аналіз та особливості регулювання кредитної діяльності банків у сучасних умовах

Abstract

У статті розглянуто основні елементи системи управління кредитною діяльністю банків. Кредитна діяльність розглядається як невід’ємний складник сучасної економічної системи, що потребує постійного моніторингу. Визначено актуальній стан банківського кредитування. Проаналізовано динаміку рівня непрацюючих кредитів та рівень їх покриття резервами. Досліджено підходи НБУ до підвищення аналітичного складника системи управління кредитною діяльністю банків шляхом упровадження заходів з управління проблемними кредитами банку та амортизації забезпечення. Проведено аналіз нормативно-правових актів, упроваджених НБУ для підвищення якості оцінки ризиків споживчого кредитування та мінімізації частки неповернених кредитних ресурсів. Обґрунтовано напрями вдосконалення системи управління кредитною діяльністю банківських установ у сучасних умовах.

The article deals with the main elements of the credit management system of banks. Credit activity is considered as an integral part of the modern economic system, which requires constant monitoring. It is also an important part of the country's economic system, as it significantly affects financial and macroeconomic stability. The authors investigated the current state of Bank lending, analyzed the dynamics of the level of non-performing loans and the level of their coverage by reserves. In order to monitor the state of lending, an assessment of various areas of lending was carried out, which helps in the development of a strategy and the formation of a quality loan portfolio. The General state of the credit market is investigated by means of the system approach. The main indicators of the credit system were studied by economic and statistical methods. In connection with the growth of credit rates, banks conduct a continuous assessment of the quality of loans, using various criteria, such as delinquencies, credit risk assessment and others, which forces the NBU to pursue an active policy on credit risk assessment. For this purpose, monitoring of consumer and corporate lending is carried out, the results of which allow to effectively assess credit risk, establish regulatory requirements and adjust the parameters of prudential reserves calculation. The approaches of the NBU to improving the analytical component of the credit management system of banks by implementing measures to manage problem loans of the Bank and ensure depreciation were also studied. The analysis of normative legal acts introduced by the NBU in order to improve the quality of risk assessment of consumer lending and minimize the share of non-repaid credit resources. The directions of improvement of the credit management system of banking institutions in modern conditions are substantiated. Insufficient attention to the solvency of borrowers, reduction of lending standards due to competition between banks lead to the risk of a significant deterioration in the quality of the portfolio. Therefore, the NBU is taking measures to tighten the requirements for determining credit risk, setting parameters that should improve the quality of loans and minimize the occurrence of outstanding debts. It is also introducing new regulations aimed at reducing the level of credit risk and improving the quality of banks' assets.