Концептуальні основи визначення схильності до ризику промислових підприємств

Abstract

У статті досліджено концептуальні основи визначення ризик-апетиту як схильності до ризику промислових підприємств. Обґрунтовано необхідність і доцільність визначення схильності до ризику як підстави для розуміння того, які ризики і в якому розмірі промислове підприємство може прийняти. Запропоновано методичні підходи до визначення розміру ризик-апетиту промислового підприємства і визначено переваги, недоліки та сфери їх використання. Сформульовано роль визначення схильності до ризику у розробленні тактичних і стратегічних планів розвитку промислового підприємства. Доведено, що визначення ризик-апетиту промислового підприємства дасть змогу спростити процес управління ризиками, здатними спричинити втрату прибутку, та уникнути випадків, коли розмір збитку від настання ризику може призвести до втрати доходу чи капіталу.

In the conditions of the non-stationary economy of Ukraine, the negative impact of financial risks on the functioning and development of the entities of the real sector of the economy, including industrial enterprises, increases. Identification of the risk propensity of industrial enterprises allows them to develop and apply measures in a timely manner to minimize the negative impact of risks on socio-economic development processes and to adjust strategic and tactical plans. The purpose of the article is to study methodological approaches to determining the risk propensity, that is, risk appetite, which reflects the number of risks that an industrial enterprise may bear depending on the pace of its economic development, financial and operational capabilities, expected profitability of stakeholders (existing and potential owners, investors, and creditors, etc.). In the course of the study, it has been applied a set of the following methods: systematic analysis – in systematizing approaches to understanding the essence of risk propensity of the enterprises, in the study of methods of determining risk appetite; and logical generalization and comparison - in formulating conclusions and proposals. The article investigates the conceptual framework of risk appetite determination as a risk propensity of industrial enterprises. It has been substantiated the necessity and expediency of determining the risk propensity as a basis for understanding what kinds and level of risks an industrial enterprise can take. The subjective, objective and objective-subjective approaches to determining the risk propensity of an industrial enterprise have been considered, the characteristics and features of their application have been outlined. It has been suggested the methods for determining the level of risk appetite of an industrial enterprise (a method based on the cost of risk management measures; a method that uses the historical level of enterprise development; a method that uses the current level of enterprise development; a method based on data on similar enterprises; a method based on stress-testing; an expert opinion-based method; a combined method) and the advantages, disadvantages and areas of their application. The role of determining the risk propensity in the development of industrial enterprise tactics and strategy has been formulated. It has been systemized the methods and proposed the methodological approaches for determining the risk propensity of industrial enterprises, the practical application of which will minimize the negative impact of risks in the conditions of the non-stationary economy of Ukraine. During the study it has been proved the following: - risk propensity is one of the key tools in the process of minimizing the negative impact of risks on the processes of operation and development of an industrial enterprise; - risk appetite varies for different organizational and legal forms of industrial enterprises, types of financial and economic activity, stage of the life cycle of an enterprise, and type of risk; - determining the risk appetite of an industrial enterprise will simplify the risk management process that can lead to loss of profit and to avoid cases when the risk occurrence can lead to loss of income or capital.