Управлінські аспекти розвитку підприємств металургійної галузі України в сучасних умовах

Abstract

У роботі розглянуто історичні аспекти розвитку металургійної галузі за роки незалежності України та сучасні методологічні підходи до управління розвитком металургійних підприємств. Відзначено, що перекоси у виробництві призвели до скорочення випуску багатьох видів металопродукції і сортів стали, а експортна орієнтація металургійної галузі зробила її залежною від кон’юнктури світового ринку. Підкреслено, що в сукупності перекоси в структуризації виробництва, відтік трудових ресурсів, інституційні розриви є свідченням того, що на підприємствах галузі спостерігається розбалансування системи менеджменту. Відзначено, що практично всі компанії галузі зараз підтримують систему менеджменту якості (СМК). Проте дослідження щодо практичної результативності СМК дають неоднозначні результати, тому в умовах глобалізації економіки та її динамічного розвитку для вдосконалення системи менеджменту підприємствам галузі пропонується орієнтуватися на вже четверту за рахунком версію стандарту ISO 9004 «Менеджмент якості. Якість в організації. Керівництво з досягнення стійкого успіху».

The paper touches upon the historical aspects of the development of the metallurgical industry over the years of independence of Ukraine and considers modern methodological approaches to managing the development of metallurgical enterprises. The author notes that the resulting distortions in production led to a reduction in the production of many types of metal products and steel grades, and the export orientation of the metallurgical industry made it dependent on the world market conditions. The work emphasizes that, in the aggregate, distortions in the structuring of production, the outflow of labor resources, institutional gaps are evidence that the management system is being unbalanced in the industry. The author focuses on the fact that almost all companies in the industry now support a quality management system (QMS). However, studies on the practical effectiveness of the QMS give mixed results, if only yesterday to maintain competitiveness it was enough to carry out documented processes in a high-quality manner and achieve stable production of high-quality products according to the requirements of current documentation, today this is not enough. The author emphasizes that at the EFQM forum held in Milan in August 2016, the leaders of the most famous companies in the world argued that with the development of the fourth industrial revolution, operational excellence, stable production of quality products is no longer enough for sustainable success in a global saturated market. According to world experts, the management of the future should develop an enterprise development strategy into a constantly evolving process that provides quality products based on cooperation, creativity, and innovation. The article emphasizes that for the strategic development of companies at this stage, the international community proposes international standards based on quality standards, where the main emphasis is on the quality management of the organization. The article also touches on the historical aspects of the development of this standard. So, in April 2018, edition’s the fourth version of the ISO 9004 standard «Quality Managements. Quality in the organization. Guide to Sustainable Success». The standard is a complementary compatible group with ISO 9001 and is, along with it, part of the ISO 9000 Quality Management series of standards. The author notes that if ISO 9001 represents the requirements for the initial creation of a QMS in organizations, then ISO 9004 is aimed at further development of the already implemented system. The author emphasizes that the ISO 9004: 2018 standard is focused on achieving leadership confidence in the success of the organization by meeting the needs and expectations of stakeholders. The work emphasizes that the new standard will provide guidance on the systematic and continuous improvement of all organization processes. In the updated ISO 9004, the famous tool for self-assessment of the maturity of the QMS organization is further improved. It will make it possible to more effectively identify areas in which standards of improvement that are most productive to the user can be produced. Thus, the latest edition’s of ISO 9004 «Quality Managements. Quality in of the organization. Guide to Sustainable Success» provides recommendations on how to compete in a dynamic market. The author emphasizes that in the world the ISO 9004 standard is widely used in aviation, telecommunications, education, local government and healthcare, and in Ukraine the document is not very popular. ISO 9004–2018 has developed a framework that is in fact a roadmap for organizations seeking sustainable success. According to the standard, this is the level of the management system that allows the organization to meet the needs and expectations of customers and other interested parties, that is, achieve sustainable success. Moreover, the goals and results depend on the organization itself. Thus, the main difference between ISO 9004 and ISO 9001 is that the former requires organizations to meet the needs and expectations of all interested parties, including customers. As a result, the author emphasizes that the sustainable development of metallurgical enterprises is primarily associated with issues of improving system management; therefore, here the main role is played by the tools of the international standard ISO 9004-2018. This standard offers incremental management improvements. According to which, it is necessary to build an effective and efficient management system, headed by a leader - a top manager. And this management system should be aimed at meeting the needs and expectations of not only customers, but also other interested parties. In addition, the author emphasizes that each enterprise has its own characteristics, so these standards require their reading and the reasonable use of the proposed methodological approaches.