Статистичне дослідження ринку праці ЄС у 2007–2019 рр.

Abstract

У статті здійснено статистичне дослідження ринку праці ЄС з 2007 по 2019 рр. Встановлено, що після фінансово-економічної кризи 2008 р. почали поступово з’являтися ознаки погіршення ринку праці ЄС. Аналіз показав, що рівень безробіття зростав нерівномірно в країнах-членах ЄС. Відзначено, що причинами відмінностей у рівнях безробіття є те, що криза на національні економіки вплинула по-різному, а також є додаткові економічні, інституційні та політичні фактори, які пояснюють різну реакцію безробіття на економічну діяльність. Встановлено, що ознаки поліпшення ринку праці почали з’являтися лише після позитивного зростання економіки ЄС. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що перспективи ринку праці ЄС пов’язані з перспективами середньострокового економічного зростання, продуктивності, підтримки інвестицій, а також довгостроковими тенденціями, включаючи старіння населення тощо.

The paper is devoted to the statistical survey of the EU labor market from 2007 to 2019. The signs of deterioration of the EU labor market began to appear gradually after the financial and economic crisis in 2008. That is why in the EU priority is given to increasing employment, and it is one of the main goals of the EU 2020 strategy. It is noted that the reforms focused on supporting aggregate demand, employment and income to reduce the social hardships caused by the crisis, facilitating the transition to new jobs. The main priorities of the labor market of the EU member states during the crisis have been identified: the introduction of benefits in the field of employment (tax incentives and benefits systems, flexible work schedule); pension reforms (retirement age, early retirement) and lifelong learning strategies that have encouraged older people to remain active; unemployment benefits systems; labor law reforms, etc. The analysis showed that the unemployment rate was growing unevenly in the EU member states. It is noted that there are such reasons for the differences in unemployment rates: the crisis has affected national economies to varying degrees. It is noted that there are additional economic, institutional and political factors that explain the different reactions of unemployment to economic activity. It is established that signs of the labor market improvement began to appear only after the positive growth of the EU economy. It is noted that although the favorable development of the economic situation, labor market and household income, led to an improvement in the social situation, the challenges to the European economy and labor market still remain, among them – the COVID-19 pandemic. It is noted that the current economic crisis has leveled much of the progress made in Europe since 2000. Unemployment across the EU is expected to rise as a result of the coronavirus pandemic and quarantine measures taken by national governments. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the prospects of the EU labor market are related to the prospects of medium-term economic growth, productivity, investment support, as well as long-term trends, including population aging and so on.