Стан, проблеми та перспективи розвитку цифрових компетентностей населення в Україні

Abstract

У статті досліджено актуальність потреб розвитку цифрових компетентностей для населення України. Проаналізовано рівень володіння цифровими навичками та готовність до набуття нових цифрових компетенцій. Визначено стан та проблеми забезпечення доступу до мережі Інтернет і подолання цифрової нерівності в країні. Наведено особливості проходження курсу з основ кібергігієни студентами Східноукраїнського національного університету імені Володимира Даля. Виявлено основні бар’єри на шляху розвитку цифрових компетентностей населення України. Запропоновано модель формування та актуалізації потреб розвитку цифрових компетентностей, у якій виділено як окремі елементи основні умови забезпечення та систему добровільних і примусових заходів, спрямованих на актуалізацію досліджуваних потреб. Акцентовано увагу на ролі держави та роботодавців у процесі розвитку цифрових компетентностей населення.

The digitalization of the economy and society requires the acquisition and deepening of digital competencies of both employees of enterprises in various fields of activity in connection with automation and robotics, digital jobs and the spread of remote forms of work, and consumers of online services. The need to acquire and develop digital skills in the face of severe quarantine restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited access to many services, including trade, food, banking, administrative services, etc., has become critical. In response to coronary crisis quarantine restrictions, the number of services provided online has increased. The article was devoted to the study of the urgency of the needs of digital competencies development for the population of Ukraine. The level of digital skills and readiness to acquire new digital competencies was analyzed. The state and problems of providing access to the Internet and overcoming digital inequality in the country were identified. Peculiarities of taking a course on the basics of cyber hygiene by students of the Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University were given. The main barriers to the development of digital competencies of the population of Ukraine had been identified. The model of formation and actualization of needs of development of digital competences in which the basic conditions of maintenance and system of the voluntary and compulsory measures directed on actualization of the specified needs are allocated as separate elements was offered. The "conditions of provision" include infrastructure, technical, informational, methodological and personnel support. Coercive measures to update the needs for the development of digital competencies include restricting access to resources and services offline, providing access to resources and services exclusively online, setting requirements for the availability and level of digital skills and the conditions for their confirmation. Voluntary measures can be - providing additional opportunities, improving the speed and quality of service when applying for services and products online, taking into account the use of digital skills in work, official recognition of documents confirming the development of digital competencies, on a par with formal documents on professional development. Emphasis was placed on the role of the state and employers in the development of digital competencies of the population.