Теоретичні аспекти підвищення конкурентоспроможності підприємств залізничного транспорту в умовах цифровізації

Abstract

У статті досліджено теоретичний базис забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств залізничного транспорту в умовах трансформації ринкового середовища за рахунок адаптації до викликів зовнішнього середовища. Розкрито взаємозв’язок інформації та економічного розвитку. Визначено чинники впливу інформатизації на діяльність підприємств залізничного транспорту. Наголошено на доцільності розвитку та підтримки інформаційного складника в розвитку підприємств залізничного транспорту з метою забезпечення їхніх конкурентних позицій на ринку. Окреслено, що для забезпечення стійкого положення підприємства на ринку необхідно змінити його економічну поведінку в бік адаптивної спроможності. Обґрунтовано доцільність розроблення стратегії конкурентного розвитку підприємств залізничного транспорту з урахуванням рівня впливу на їхню діяльність зовнішнього та внутрішнього середовища.

The change in the model of economic development and the intensification of globalization processes has led to the need to revise the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of ensuring the competitiveness of railway transport enterprises. After all, identifying threats to their competitiveness will provide an opportunity to address the problems of restoring the competitive advantages of enterprises in the industry and ensure further development of their competitiveness potential, which will be the basis for innovation and technological change in the railway industry. The implementation of strategic and tactical programs for the development of railway transport enterprises should take into account the rapidity and intensity of transformations, deepening the integration of the world economic space, which leads to an increase in their level of competitiveness. At the same time, the influence of the external environment, especially the digital transformation of socio-economic processes, is forcing companies to look for new ways to resist increasing competition. One of these areas is the search for synergies that result from cooperation with other businesses and business institutions, including scientific ones, which allows them to increase their flexibility to achieve a higher level of sustainable competitiveness and generate innovation. Under such conditions, enterprises are forced to change economic behavior in the direction of adaptability in the functioning of organizational and spatial construction and change the cycle of evolutionary development through the integrated use of general scientific approaches to enterprise management and behavioral management theories. During the process of adaptation, which consists of the following components: functioning – perception – adaptation – activity – sensitivity – flexibility, the company is forced to adapt to the external environment, which forms its competitiveness as behavior in a market environment aimed at forming its own competitive advantages. competitors, ensuring the quality of staff, effective interaction with various groups influencing the activities, the ability to take into account the interests of individual agents and groups, the development of their own potential, etc. Under such conditions, railway undertakings must take into account the role of information as one of the main components of competitive development. For railway transport enterprises, the most important task of ensuring their own competitiveness is not only the development of an optimal strategy for competitive development, but also its adaptation to the changing market situation. In particular, the strategy of competitive development should take into account and adequately respond, first of all, to those processes occurring in the external and internal environment, which in the short and long term may reduce competitive market position, destabilize the work and development of the enterprise.