Міста-лідери як суб’єкти глобальної економіки

Abstract

У статті досліджено та охарактеризовано міста-лідери, які є сучасними провідними суб’єктами економічних відносин, та описано їхні ознаки. Показано шлях становлення їх лідерства, який вони пройшли. Проаналізовано їхню роль у вирішенні глобальних світових питань. Продемонстровано, які саме міста посідають сьогодні світове лідерство, та показано результати даного лідерства. Проведено аналіз стрімкого росту міст-лідерів та прогнозу змін на найближчі 30 років і змін, які приніс COVID-19. Продемонстровано показники, за якими визначаються міста, що стають в ті чи інші роки лідерами глобального економічного розвитку. Проаналізовано Міжнародний рейтинг «Global cities: нові пріоритети для нового світу» 2020 Global Cities Report, який уперше включив місто Київ, що формує свої позиції як глобальне місто, що є субрегіональним центром Східної Європи.

In this article explores and describes the leading cities that are modern leading actors in economic relations and describes their characteristics. It is shows a path of formation of their leadership, which they have passed since ancient times, then shows the path of formation of world metropolises with the transition to the modern period. Their role in solving global world issues is analyzed. Their importance in holding large-scale, world events, such as the Olympic Games or the World Cup, is shown. It is demonstrated which cities currently hold the world leadership and the results of this leadership are shown. The main features of global cities are described. The characteristics of the agglomeration are given and its role in the formation of monocentric and polycentric agglomerations is shown. The economic, social and other reasons for the rapid growth of the leading cities are analyzed and the forecast of world changes in this direction for the next 30 years is given. The are changes brought by COVID-19 in the functioning and development of life in the leading cities are shown. The main areas that will lead to a faster exit of the leading cities from the crisis in which the whole world fell in 2020 are described. The indicators by which the cities that become leaders of global economic development in certain years are determined are demonstrated. An analysis of American, European and Asian cities that are leaders not only in their regions but also in the world is given. The International ranking «Global cities: new priorities for the new world» 2020 Global Cities Report, which for the first time included the city of Kyiv, which forms its position as a global city, which is a subregional center of Eastern Europe, was analyzed. The role of the fourth industrial revolution, which identifies new challenges and opportunities for the development of global cities, is described. The perspective of future development of the city, which are the centers and channels of global commodity, financial, human and information flows and will remain so in the future, is shown. Extensive opportunities for transnational administration are shown, and mediation between politics and business creates a favorable investment climate in global cities.