Класифікація країн ЄС за видами та обсягами експорту квотованої сільськогосподарської та харчової продукції з України

Abstract

Виявлено пріоритети країн ЄС у споживанні сільськогосподарської та харчової продукції українського виробництва, на яку встановлено безмитні тарифні квоти: мед; м’ясо птиці; томати; соки; крохмалі; яйця; крупи; борошно. Встановлено, що в 2021 році лідером за обсягами експорту такої продукції була Польща, досить близькими були Німеччина, Нідерланди та Словаччина. Найбільшими покупцями окремих видів продукції були: меду і томатів – Польща; соків – Австрія; крохмалю – Мальта; круп – Нідерланди; борошна – Словаччина; м’яса птиці – Нідерланди; яєць – Латвія. Виявлено подібність і відмінність країн за видами й обсягами ввезення української продукції та виділено три кластери: Німеччина і Польща; Нідерланди і Словаччина; всі решта країни. Польща та Німеччина найбільше закуповують мед, томати та соки. У структурі експорту продукції до Нідерландів та Словаччини найбільшу частку займає м’ясо птиці.

In the conditions of a full-scale war with Russia and in connection with granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession in June 2022, the issue of liberalization of duty-free trade between Ukraine and the EU is urgent. In this context, it is important to form relevant information based on the volume and structure of trade in quota agricultural and food products with EU countries. For the study, a sample of data was formed based on official statistical information for 2021 on the export of the following products: honey; tomatoes; juices; starches; cereals; flour; poultry meat; eggs. The following priorities of the EU countries in the consumption of products of Ukrainian production were identified: honey; poultry meat; tomatoes; juices; starches; eggs; cereals; flour It was established that in 2021 Poland was the leader in terms of export volumes of the studied types of products, Germany, the Netherlands and Slovakia were quite close. The largest buyers of certain types of products were: honey and tomatoes – Poland; juice – Austria; starch – Malta; croup – the Netherlands; flour – Slovakia; poultry meat – the Netherlands; eggs – Latvia. The similarities and differences of the countries in terms of types and volumes of imports of Ukrainian products were identified and three clusters were identified: Germany and Poland; The Netherlands and Slovakia; all other countries. Poland and Germany buy honey, tomatoes, and juices the most. In the structure of product exports to the Netherlands and Slovakia, poultry meat occupies the largest share. To identify the similarity of countries in terms of types and volumes of export of products from Ukraine, the method of cluster analysis was used, in particular, the method of agglomerative procedure was used from hierarchical methods, and the k-means method was used from non-hierarchical methods. The agglomerative classification procedure made it possible to identify three clusters: Germany and Poland; The Netherlands and Slovakia; all other countries. The application of the k-means method gave the same clustering results as the method of agglomerative procedure, on the basis of which a conclusion was made about the correctness of the classification of objects. In addition, the structure of products imported to Germany, Poland, the Netherlands and Slovakia was analyzed and the similarity between Germany and Poland, the Netherlands and Slovakia was confirmed. The information obtained in the study can be used to develop recommendations regarding the policy of liberalization of duty-free tariff quotas for the products of Ukrainian manufacturers, as well as to optimize logistics routes.