Українські вимушені мігранти у Польщі

Abstract

У публікації розглянуто динаміку та склад українських вимушених мігрантів, які в’їхали до Польщі після 24 лютого 2022 року, охарактеризовано основні зміни у міграційному законодавстві Польщі щодо прийняття та адаптації цієї категорії населення, а також представлено аналіз змін пріоритетів діяльності українських мігрантських організацій у Польщі у зв’язку з масовим потоком вимушених мігрантів та повномасштабною війною РФ проти України.

Russia’s full-scale armed attack on Ukraine, which happened on February 24, 2022, caused a dramatical flee of forced migrants from Ukraine and Poland became the key destination country. So, in this article we examine the dynamics, age and sex composition of Ukrainian forced migrants who entered Poland after February 24, 2022, with a special emphasis on those who received temporary protection status. An overview of the main additional rights granted to Ukrainian forced migrants in Poland is also presented. Since a significant part of the activities related to providing help to Ukrainian forced migrants was implemented by non-governmental organizations in Poland, the purpose of the article is also to determine the specifics of the activities and changes in the functional priorities of Ukrainian public organizations in Poland, due to the full-scale Russian invasion. Seven Ukrainian migrant organizations were selected as the research objects. Time limits of organizations’ activities analysis – from February 24, 2022, till the 1st of June 2022. To reach the aim we used the content analysis of the information on the official web pages, pages in social networks of these selected Ukrainian migrant organizations and then provided a comparative analysis of the statutory purpose of each organization and its activities within the selected time limits of the research. The research shows that Ukrainian migrant organizations have different approaches in the field of functional priorities of their activities after February 24, 2022. Some, which were founded as cultural centers, have hardly changed their activities. Instead, those organizations, which provided assistance to Ukrainian labor migrants in Poland (e.g. Funds “Nasz Wybor”, “Ukraina” and “Zustrich”) refocused their work on Ukrainian forced migrants. In addition to their usual areas of work – providing consulting assistance, legal and psychological support etc., these organizations have developed completely new vectors of activity – finding housing, humanitarian assistance for Ukrainian women and children in Poland. Some of the organizations that arose as public initiatives based on Euromaidan (for example, “Euromaidan-Warszawa”) expanded their activities in this direction, in particular, the advocacy of compliance with international trade agreements and EU sanctions, the blocking of EU trade with Russia with the help of protest actions.