Проблеми та перспективи реформування ООН: позиція України

Abstract

Статтю присвячено аналізу позиції України щодо потенційних шляхів реформування ООН у період її функціонування на міжнародній арені як незалежної держави. Особливу увагу приділено розгляду причин необхідності реформування ООН; визначенню головних напрямів здійснення докорінних змін у практиці функціонування інститутів ООН (Ради Безпеки ООН, особливостей застосування права вето); характеристиці поглядів українських дипломатів на можливості та перешкоди на шляху реформування ООН; дослідженню позиції України щодо реформування провідних напрямів діяльності ООН, зокрема миротворчої діяльності.

The article is devoted to the analysis of Ukraine’s position on potential ways of reforming the UN since 1991 during its functioning in the international arena as an independent state. Particular attention was paid to the reasons for the need to reform the UN; determination of the main directions of fundamental changes in the practice of functioning of the UN institutions (UN Security Council, peculiarities of the veto); characterization of the views of Ukrainian diplomats on the opportunities and obstacles to reforming the UN; the position of Ukraine on reforming the leading areas of the UN, in particular peacekeeping activities, was investigated. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of Ukraine’s position on reforming the UN Security Council. It was noted that in the context of reforming the UN Security Council Ukraine insists on the introduction of new permanent members and additional non-permanent members, including one more Eastern European country. The position of Ukraine on the practice of using the “double” veto, the use of which provides for the adoption of decisions by the UN Security Council only if the veto is applied by two permanent members of the Security Council, was described. The cases when the UN Security Council failed to adopt resolutions concerning the unfolding of events on the territory of Ukraine due to the veto of the Russian Federation are analyzed. Ukraine’s support for the proposals of other states (France, Georgia) on reforming the practice of using the veto is described. Thus, Ukraine supported the initiative of France, launched in 2013, on the voluntary abandonment of the practice of using the veto by the permanent members of the UN Security Council in cases of mass war crimes. Ukraine’s involvement in the processes of improving the effectiveness of UN peacekeeping was described. In particular, Ukraine recognized the Kigali Principles, approved in May 2015 during the international conference in Kigali, Rwanda. These principles define the protection of civilians in the conflict zone as a priority task of the UN peacekeeping missions.