Взаємини східнослов’янських племен у процесі творення Руської держави: геополітичні аспекти

Abstract

Утворенню держави Русь передував ряд племінних княжінь на її території. На початку ІХ ст. племінні княжіння виникають одночасно практично по всьому слов’янському ареалу. Об’єднання «літописних племен» в єдину державу відбувалося через механізми конфедерації. Спершу на зламi VIII-ІХ ст. остаточно оформилося п’ять великих племiнних об’єднань. Особливе значення у формуванні давньоруського населення мали переселенці з Дунаю. Саме ці праукраїнські племена зробили чи не найбільший внесок у формування вітчизняного фольклору. З самого початку ці п’ять угруповань було втягнуто в активну торгiвлю з арабським свiтом. Держава Русь постала з бойового побратимства «полян, дулібів і древлян» (Т. Шевченко) і алано-булгарських русів.

The formation of the state of Rus was preceded by a number of tribal principalities on its territory. At the beginning of the 9th century tribal principalities arise simultaneously almost throughout the Slavic area. The unification of «chronic tribes» into a single state took place through the mechanisms of the confederation. At first, at the turn of the VIII-IX centuries. five large tribal associations were finally formed. Immigrants from the Danube had a special importance in the formation of the Old Russian population. These proto-Ukrainian tribes made almost the biggest contribution to the formation of national folklore. From the very beginning, these five groups were involved in active trade with the Arab world. From 770 to 833, the treasures of Kufic dirhams were deposited relatively evenly throughout the territory of the future Kievan Rus. These commodity-money relations, or rather the need to regulate them, served as a catalyst for internal state-building processes and pushed proto-Ukrainian and neighboring tribes to further unification. The unification of three of the five above-mentioned groups — central, western and southern — took place quite quickly. The newly born Russian land immediately found itself in a complex knot of international events tied in the east of Europe. Its formation coincided with the emergence of a number of other Eastern European states. The Arab power in the Transcaucasia weakened so much that at the beginning of the 9th century. several native states arise. On the lower Podnona and the Dnieper, the Ugrians are getting stronger, making frequent attacks on Khazaria and Rus. At the same time, Byzantium became more active, striving to strengthen its influence in the Northern Black Sea region and Crimea. The state of Rus emerged from the martial fraternity of the «Polyans, Dulibs and Drevlians» (T. Shevchenko) and the Alano-Bulgarian Rus. However, Alans and Bulgarians were only two main participants in the ethnogenesis of the Rus. Goths, other Sarmatian and Turkic tribes, mestizoized Greeks from the Black Sea colonies, tribes of the North Caucasus, Sindis and Meots of Eastern Azov also played a much smaller role than these two, but also a noticeable role in the ethnogenesis of the Rus.