Трансформація іміджу України у масмедійному просторі Королівства Іспанія в період «гібридної» фази російсько-української війни (2014 – лютий 2022 рр.)

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано імідж України на шпальтах провідних газет Королівства Іспанія в період «гібридної» фази війни Росії проти України. Досліджуються характеристики медіаобразу нашої держави з 2014 року по лютий 2022 року та простежено їх трансформацію. Визначено чинники, що впливали на формування іміджу України, та доведено, що війна стала каталізуючим фактором, що підвищив впізнаваність, привернувши увагу всієї світової спільноти і змінивши розуміння нас світом.

The article analyzes the image of Ukraine in the columns of the leading newspapers of the Kingdom of Spain in the context of Russia’s war against our country from the moment of the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea to the beginning of the full-scale invasion. The characteristics of the image of our state in the Spanish mass media environment from 2014 to February 2022 are studied, and their transformation is traced. It was determined that the war became a catalyst that increased the recognition of our state, drawing the attention of the entire world community to it and changing the world’s understanding. It is noted that during the years of the war, a clear distinction for the audience of the Spanish mass media appeared between our culture, values, identity and Russian attempts to assimilate our achievements. The understanding of us as a country with European values, and courageous people fighting for their freedom and European future is growing. The main events that aroused the interest of the media and the topics that received the greatest resonance were determined. The presence of messages of Russian propaganda, the influence of which was especially felt in 2014-2017, and the presence of information campaigns and signs of informational and psychological operations are noted, especially in the context of the referendum on the independence of Catalonia in 2017 and Russia’s attempts to draw parallels with Crimea in order to justify its aggression in the eyes of the world public. The change in the narratives spread in the mass media was also analyzed, and the changes in the understanding of the nature of the war and its significance for the whole of Europe were traced. Problematic aspects of the image of Ukraine, such as corruption, poverty, and the low standard of living of the population, which give rise to such phenomena as crime and the prevalence of surrogate motherhood, the center of which is called Ukraine, are clarified. Potentially the most favorable directions for forming the image of Ukraine were also analyzed, which will allow us to present our country not only through the prism of war, but also through directions that really arouse interest for the Spanish audience: culture, sports, the potential of agricultural production, an educated population, European values, and history.