Роль археологічних пам'яток у вивченні культурологічних змін на Закарпатті

Abstract

The article is devoted to the source analysis of archaeological sites in Transcarpathia , which play a key role in the study of cultural changes in the region from the Late Eneolithic to the Late Bronze Age. It focuses on the transformation of the cultural landscape in the Late Eneolithic (the second quarter of the third millennium BC), when the Polgar culture was replaced by the Baden culture, also known as the culture of channelized ceramics. The article examines the area of formation of the Baden culture in the Upper Danube, particularly in the Vienna Basin near the city of Baden (modern Austria), and the process of its spread to the Carpathian Basin, with a focus on Transcarpathia, which became its easternmost area. Special attention is given to cultural changes during the Bronze Age, when Transcarpathia became an important crossroads for cultural interaction. Archaeological sites from the Early Bronze Age, including settlements and burial grounds, reflect the processes of adaptation of the local population to new technologies and socioeconomic models. Contacts with neighboring regions, especially the territories of modern Slovakia and Hungary, played a significant role in the dissemination of metallurgical knowledge and innovations.