Мотивація персоналу на підприємствах в сучасних умовах господарювання

Abstract

У статі окреслено сутнісні підходи до мотивації праці, узагальнено основні поняття та теорії мотивації. Розглянуто сучасні підходи до управління персоналом на підприємстві через застосування мотиваційного механізму. Наведено приклади мотивації праці трудового колективу успішних зарубіжних та вітчизняних підприємств. Проаналізовано сучасний стан мотиваційного процесу на підприємстві. Запропоновано шляхи покращення мотивації праці за рахунок аналізу досвіду зарубіжних компаній та пристосування цього досвіду до потреб українського ринку праці. Ключові слова: мотивація, мотиваційний механізм, мотиваційні стимули, матеріальні стимули, нематеріальні стимули, трудовий колектив, заробітна плата, премії, санкції, штрафи.

This article analyzes the current state of motivation of Ukrainian enterprises. Authors draw attention to the methodological basis of motivational process at the enterprise, the definition of "motivation", reveal the role and importance of motivation in the management of personnel. The article gives examples of effective motivational mechanism which could be successfully applied to foreign and domestic companies. The main guarantee of quality of motivational process in the company is an individual approach to each team member. In order to meet the needs of staff they need to be heard. Because for someone motivation is a financial reward, for others - comfortable working conditions, for the rest - informal meetings with the staff and free travel on vacation. The main problem of domestic enterprises is a work collective passivity. The methods of personnel management, which are used in organizations are outdated. They are echoes of the command economy and as for today they are completely ineffective. Unfortunately, in Ukraine, which has great human and intellectual potential, companies are not using enough of the tools which may allow them to increase motivation, they are making the main aspect of the "salary manipulation". The main problems of motivation on the domestic enterprises which are described in the article are: disproportionate dependence between amount of prizes and amount of completed tasks, individuality of each person is neglected by management, there is mostly negative climate inside the enterprises. This article defines motivational incentives, which can be used by management not only to provide a positive climate within the company but also to multiply profit. These includes: flexible working hours, decent wages, direct dependence between amount of prizes and achieving appropriate results, enabling promotion, encouraging creativity and invention, providing employees with social benefits, providing free medical examinations, organizing tours and more. Keywords: motivation, motivational mechanism, motivational incentives, financial incentives, non-material incentives, collective labor, wages, bonuses, penalties, fines.