Ольвия Понтийская и варвары в I - IV вв. н.э.

Abstract

После гетского разгрома середины I в. до н.э. жизнь на месте Ольвии возрождается не ранее конца I в. до н.э. Среди граждан города согластно ономастике фиксируется значительный процент ираноязычных имён. Это явление всё ещё не имеет однозначного объяснения. При этом материальная и духовная культура Ольвии остаются античными. В I - II вв. н.э. Ольвия оказывается в плотном сарматском окружении. Сарматские цари Фарзой и Инисмей чеканят здесь свои монеты. Возможно, это объясняется своеобразным протекторатом над городом. Однако

After the invasion of Getae in the middle of the Ist century BC life on the place of Olbia renewed not earlier the end of the Ist century BC. There is fi xed a considerable quantity of Iranian names among the citizens in onomastics of the city. This phenomenon still has no well-defi ned solving. However the material and the spiritual culture of Olbia preserved antique character. In the Ist - IInd centuries AD Olba was in dense Sarmatian surrounding. Sarmatian kings Pharzoios and Inismeus mint there their coins. Probably that could be explained by some kind of protection on Olbia. However Olbia preserved all features of autonomic city. There was no sarmatization here. It can’t be excluded that there was the treaty between the city, Roman Empire and kings of Aorsia. In the middle of the IInd century AD Olbian state was attacked by “Tauro- Scythians”. Fortifi ed settlements of Olbian chora perished, the siege of Olbia was taken away with the help of Roman troops. Roman garrison was settled in Olbia. The blossom of the city and its chora was interrupted during “Scythian” or “Gothian” wars. Olbia was twice destroyed by barbarians: in 232 - 238 years and during campaign of 269 - 270 years. The restoration of the life on the place of Olbia took place not earlier the end of 70-th - the beginning of 80-s years of the IIIrd century AD. The last period in the history of Olbia was connected with the population of Tchernyahov culture. Its settlements occupied the territory of the previous chora of Olbia. However the city preserved antique traditions. The life was fi nally stopped here on the boundary of the third-fourth quarter of the IVth century AD.