Про компонент-символ у мовних одиницях

Abstract

Стаття присвячена опису теоретичного підґрунтя для вивчення компонентів-символів у мовних одиницях. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена особливою значущістю назрілих проблем, що стосуються співвідношення мови, мислення, пізнання й культури. У статті йдеться про те, що фразеологічні символи є невід’ємним складником символів культури, але в межах фразеологічних систем вони набувають специфічного навантаження. Унаслідок огляду теоретичного доробку відомих українських та зарубіжних учених авторка акцентує увагу на їхніх твердженнях про те, що специфіка фразеологічної символіки відзначається системністю, організована за принципом ієрархії, асиметрична щодо інших символічних систем в межах певної лінгвокультури.

The article deals with the description of theoretical basis in learning symbol-components, occurring in language units. The topicality of the study is stipulated by special significance of the ripe problems, pertaining to the correlation of language, thinking, knowledge and culture, the solution of which is based on the principles and methods of cognitive and linguocultural analyses. The purpose of the article is to single out the most significant views of well-known Ukrainian and foreign scholars on the problem under consideration, systematize the theoretical basis of studying the peculiarities of a symbol-components in language units. The article focuses on the assertion that phraseological symbols are an integral part of culture symbols, but within phraseological system they acquire specific symbols colouring. The main body of the phraseological component symbolism is intersected with sign symbolics in other texts of culture, but is not identical with it. The author bases herself on the opinions of well-known scholars, who indicate that a national and cultural component proves the actual existence of a certain ethnos in the world reality and language. On the language level phrases are complex signs of secondary nominations, the structural and semantic model of which represents a peculiar world outlook. As a result of the overview of theoretical achievement of the guiding Ukrainian and foreign scholars the author accentuated their assertions that the specificity of phraseological symbolism is distinguished with systematicity, organized according to the principle of hierarchy, asymmetrical pertaining to other symbolic systems within a certain linguoculture. The study of phrase symbol components promotes a better understanding of semantic language relations, helps to establish the connection of lexis and mental peculiarities of people. The use of symbolic words reproduces the complex of national ideas, beliefs, world outlook, forms the world model of Ukrainians. One of the most significant sources of replenishing the phraseological system of the Ukrainian language are works of art in which writers interpret phraseological units, creating new phrases or their variants. The emergence of new phrases or the renewed interpretation of already fixed up phraseological units testifies not only to the talent of the authors but also to a constant development of the language system. Therefore, the prospect of further scholarly studies we perceive in the detailed analysis of symbolic components of phraseological units with attraction of the newest linguistic paradigms on the material of works of art, written by contemporary Ukrainian writers.