Табу в поховальній обрядовості Закарпаття:етнолінгвістичний аспект

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано контактні та комунікативні табу в поховальному обряді Закарпаття відповідно до структурної організації обрядових дійств. Зроблено висновок, що етапи традиційного похоронного обряду супро- воджує розгалужена система заборон у вигляді різних символічних, магічних дій, повір’їв, релігійних приписів, норм поведінки, які мають на меті вшанувати культ предків і захиститися від смерті.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of contact and communicative taboos in the funeral rite of Transcarpathia according to the structural organization of ceremonial actions. The sources of the study are represented by the records made in 2010–2019 in 35 Transcarpathian villages. Within the verbal taboos of the funeral rite, a number of euphemistic tokens, periphrases, phrases or many words denoting death, otherworldly and earthly life, various actions, ceremonial realities, etc. have been fixed. Non-verbal taboos in the funeral rite in Transcarpathia are conditionally divided into two groups: 1) taboos that restrict the communicative activities of the rite participants; 2) contact bans related to the deceased, participants of the rite and various ritual realities. The second group of taboos is the most differentiated. The taboos restricting the communication activity of participants of funeral rite are the most persistent and permeate all its stages – from the death period until the commemoration of the dead. This is, in particular, a ban on greeting, talking badly about the deceased, crying a lot, and so on. Contact taboos cover a wide range of participants, various items and funerals and are the most extensive. These bans are related to «dead» water and the various things that touched upon the deceased, the night vigil at the dead, the funeral procession to the cemetery and the behavior of all the participants during and after the funeral. Therefore, the stages of the traditional funeral rite in Transcarpathia are accompanied by an extensive system of contact and communication bans in the form of various symbolic, magical actions, beliefs, religious precepts, norms of behavior aimed at honoring the cult of ancestors and protecting themselves from the death.