Antimicrobial resistance: mechanisms and ways to combat.

Abstract

Antibiotics play a key role in treatment and controlling bacterial infections. Resistance to antibiotics that are widely used in clinical practice is the global unsolved problem of healthcare that leads to the increase in morbidity and mortality of infections and causes significant economic loss. Despite different approaches taken in recent decades to tackle this issue, the trends of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread show no signs of slowing down [1-3]. The consequences of AMR rise will be increasing use of older less effective techniques in controlling infections such as debridement, disinfection, amputation. The process of treating infections will take longer, be more invasive, and will be less successful [4]. The rapid growth of AMR infection rate and the lack of new antimicrobial medications being introduced to combat this issue are the main reasons that AMR has emerged as one of the greatest global concerns in the 21st century and has received favorable conditions for its development during any cataclysms, especially terrible war in Ukraine [5,6]. The proposed section of the monograph contains analysis of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, ways to combat resistant bacteria with focus on the use of newly synthesized chemical compounds and photochemical methods as well as their combination.